Tunnels to Get Through IPv6-Ignorant Routers

• encapsulate IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets (or MPLS frames)

• many methods exist for establishing tunnels:

  • manual configuration
  • “tunnel brokers” (using web-based service to create a tunnel)
  • “ISATAP” (intra-domain, using IPv4 addr as IPv6 interface ID)
  • “6-to-4” (inter-domain, using IPv4 addr as IPv6 site prefix)

• can view this as:

  • IPv6 using IPv4 as a virtual link-layer, or
  • an IPv6 VPN (virtual public network), over the IPv4 Internet (becoming “less virtual” over time, we hope)

Notes: